Doha, Qatar: With changing seasons and fluctuating weather conditions, along with the spread of dust in our homes and workplaces, many people experience bothersome symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. These symptoms are not merely a passing “cold”; they are often signs of allergic rhinitis, commonly known as “nasal allergy.” It is a widespread condition that can significantly affect quality of life.
Dr. Nizar Haddad, Consultant Family Medicine at Mesaimeer Health Center, part of the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), explains that allergic rhinitis is an exaggerated immune response to substances that are usually harmless, known as allergens. When these substances are inhaled, the body releases histamine and other chemicals that trigger the symptoms.
Dr. Nizar Haddad, Consultant Family Medicine at Mesaimeer Health Center
Allergies are generally classified into two main types: seasonal allergies, which occur at specific times of the year due to pollen from trees and grasses, and perennial (year-round) allergies, caused by continuous exposure to environmental triggers such as dust mites, animal dander, or mold.
Complications and Symptoms
Symptoms include a runny or blocked nose, frequent sneezing (especially in the morning), itching in the nose, eyes, or roof of the mouth, and sometimes the ears, as well as dark circles under the eyes due to chronic congestion.
In more severe cases, patients may also experience headaches, general fatigue, and a reduced sense of smell and taste, which can negatively impact concentration at work or school.
Concerning Prevalence in the Gulf
Dr. Haddad notes that scientific studies indicate allergic rhinitis is a significant health challenge in the Gulf region. In Oman, for example, a study published in the Oman Medical Journal found that 7% of adults with nasal symptoms were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Notably, 84% of these cases were due to perennial allergies, with house dust and dust mites being the most common triggers (up to 80%), followed by cockroach allergy at 67%.
In Saudi Arabia, a more recent study published in February 2026 reported higher figures. The study, which included 400 individuals in the southwestern region, found that 71.8% experienced sneezing, 69.2% nasal congestion, and 69.0% runny nose. House dust was again identified as a major allergen.
Skin Conditions and Eczema
Locally in Qatar, allergic skin conditions are among the most common health issues seen in primary care. A study conducted by PHCC and published in November 2024, analyzing data from 937,553 patients, showed that 27% of dermatology clinic attendees suffered from dermatitis and eczema—conditions strongly associated with allergies.
Hamad Medical Corporation has also warned in its awareness materials that neglecting allergy symptoms may lead to serious complications such as chronic sinusitis or worsening asthma, particularly among children and older adults.
From Prevention to Treatment
According to medical guidance, allergic rhinitis can be managed through three main strategies:
First: Reducing exposure to triggers (environmental control)
Using air purifiers with specialized filters in bedrooms.
Washing bed linens and pillows weekly in hot water (at least 60°C) to eliminate dust mites.
Removing carpets and heavy curtains where possible and replacing them with washable materials.
Keeping indoor humidity below 50% using dehumidifiers.
Second: Medication
Antihistamines (anti-allergy medications) such as loratadine or cetirizine, which are effective in relieving sneezing, itching, and runny nose. These are available over the counter.
Corticosteroid nasal sprays such as fluticasone, which are the most effective treatment for controlling all symptoms, especially nasal congestion, but require regular use for several days to achieve full effect.
Decongestants, which should be used only for short periods to relieve nasal blockage and not for more than 3–5 consecutive days to avoid rebound congestion.
Third: Immunotherapy
This advanced treatment is recommended for individuals whose symptoms do not respond to conventional medications. It works by gradually retraining the immune system to reduce its overreaction to allergens.
Dr. Haddad emphasizes that allergic rhinitis is not a minor condition that can be ignored, as it affects work, education, and daily life for millions of people in Qatar. Consulting a family physician is advised if symptoms interfere with sleep or daily productivity, do not improve with over-the-counter medications, or if asthma symptoms such as wheezing or shortness of breath appear.
In conclusion, by understanding triggers, taking symptoms seriously, and following medical advice, patients can lead a normal life free from bothersome allergy symptoms. Most importantly, avoiding allergens remains the cornerstone of effective management.
As the saying goes: Prevention is better than cure.
